Tula

Tula may refer to:

Geography

Antarctica

Iran

Italy

Kenya

Mexico

Mongolia

Russia

United States

People

Tula, Russia

Tula (Russian: Тула; IPA: [ˈtulə]) is an industrial city and the administrative center of Tula Oblast, Russia, located 193 kilometers (120 mi) south of Moscow, on the Upa River. Population: 501,169 (2010 Census); 481,216 (2002 Census); 539,980 (1989 Census).

Etymology

The name of the city is of pre-Russian, probably Baltic, origin.

History

Tula was first mentioned in the Nikon Chronicle in relation to a military operation conducted in 1146. As the chronicle was written in the 16th century, the date is disputed. The first confirmed mention of Tula dates to 1382.

In the Middle Ages, Tula was a minor fortress at the border of the Principality of Ryazan. As soon as it passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a brick citadel, or kremlin, was constructed in 1514–1521. It was a key fortress of the Great Abatis Belt and successfully resisted a siege by the Tatars in 1552. In 1607, Ivan Bolotnikov and his supporters seized the citadel and withstood a four-months siege by the Tsar's army. In the 18th century, some parts of the kremlin walls were demolished. Despite its archaic appearance, the five-domed Assumption Cathedral in the kremlin was built as late as 1764.

Tula (Curaçao)

Tula (died 3 October 1795) was a Curaçaoan slave who liberated himself and led the Curaçao Slave Revolt of 1795 that convulsed the island for more than a month. He is revered on Curaçao today as a fighter for human rights and independence. He was executed on 3 October 1795.

The film Tula: The Revolt (2013) is based on Tula's life story.

See also

References

External links

Media related to Tula (slave) at Wikimedia Commons

Filipino

Filipino may refer to:

Other uses

See also

Filipinos

The Filipinos (Filipino: Mga Pilipino) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group who are identified and native to the Philippines who share a common Filipino culture and ancestry. According to the 2010 Census, there were 92,337,852 in the Philippines and about 10 million living outside the Philippines but the domestic population was believed to have topped one hundred million in July 2014.

There are around 180 languages and dialects spoken in the Philippines by their respective Filipino ethnolinguistic groups or simply ethnic groups, the vast majority of them belonging to the Austronesian language family, with Tagalog and Cebuano having the greatest number of native speakers. The official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and English and most Filipinos are bilingual or trilingual.

Filipinos are made up of more than 175 ethnic groups around the Philippines and are a mosaic of influences throughout hundreds of years of history shared with neighbors and faraway colonizers. The Filipino identity, with its Austronesian roots, was developed with Chinese, Indian, Japanese, Spanish and American influences.

Filipino language

Filipino ([ˌfɪl.ɪˈpiː.no]; Pilipino [ˌpɪl.ɪˈpiː.no] or Wikang Filipino) is the national language of the Philippines and is designated, along with English, as an official language of the country. It is the standard register of the Tagalog language, an Austronesian, regional language that is widely spoken in the Philippines. As of 2007, Tagalog is the first language of 28 million people, or about one-third of the Philippine population, while 45 million speak Filipino as their second language. Filipino is among the 185 languages of the Philippines identified in the Ethnologue. Officially, Filipino is defined by the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (Commission on the Filipino Language or simply KWF) as "the native language, spoken and written, in Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, and in other urban centers of the archipelago." Filipino is ideally a pluricentric language. Indeed, there have been observed "emerging varieties of Filipino which deviate from the grammatical properties of Tagalog" in Cebu,Davao City and Iloilo which together with Metro Manila form the three largest metropolitan areas in the Philippines. In reality, however, Filipino has been variously described as "simply Tagalog in syntax and grammar, with no grammatical element or lexicon coming from ... other major Philippine languages," and as "essentially a formalized version of Tagalog." In most contexts, Filipino is understood to be an alternative name for Tagalog, or the Metro Manila dialect of Tagalog.